Religions

dharma - duty to perform in order to get good karma reincarnation - can move up in samsara; goal is moksha (oneness w/universe) reinforces caste system [Brahmins, Kshatriya, Vaisyas (all twice born); Sudras, Pariahs] ; Jati are sub-groups of castes Texts: //Rig Veda//, //Upanishids// are commentary on Rig Veda
 * Hinduism: 600 BCE**

//Substance:// Siddhartha Guatama (563-483 BCE): Brahmin prince/meditation under a bodhi tree 4 noble truths: 1. All life is suffering 2. Suffering is caused by desire 3. There is a way out of suffering 4. The way out of suffering is to follow the Eightfold way / middle path Eightfold way = right understanding, purpose, speech, conduct, livelihood, effort, awareness, concentration To end suffering, end desire; ultimate goal is nirvana //Believers:// Started in India; spread to China via the Silk Road
 * Buddhism :**

Christianity:

Islam:

Legalism: Based on idea of man as inherently evil; thus, it needed a strict laws/punishment Ideal government was centralized, with a powerful leader, and heavy taxes

Daoism: Associated with the sage Laozi and the text (T)Dao te Ching. Literal translation is "the way of nature/the cosmos:" all life is interdependent Advice: relax, and harmonize with the Dao; do this via "wu wei" or act by not acting Ideal government is a small, self-suffiecient town: the less government, the better Values are patience, selflessnes, empathy

Confucianism: Confucius (551 - 479 BCE) was the founding philosopher ren (appropriate feelings) and li (appropriate actions); must used in conjunction leaders led by moral example Five key relationships: 1. ruler to subject; 2. father to son; 3. husband to wife; 4. older brother to younger brother; 5. friend to friend.

Judaism: